Ghidra <12.0.3: @execute Annotation Enables Arbitrary UI Command Execution
CVE-2026-4946 Published on March 29, 2026
NSA Ghidra Auto-Analysis Annotation Command Execution
Ghidra versions prior to 12.0.3 improperly process annotation directives embedded in automatically extracted binary data, resulting in arbitrary command execution when an analyst interacts with the UI. Specifically, the @execute annotation (which is intended for trusted, user-authored comments) is also parsed in comments generated during auto-analysis (such as CFStrings in Mach-O binaries). This allows a crafted binary to present seemingly benign clickable text which, when clicked, executes attacker-controlled commands on the analysts machine.
Vulnerability Analysis
CVE-2026-4946 is exploitable with network access, requires user interaction. This vulnerability is considered to have a low attack complexity. Public availability of a proof of concept (POC) exploit exists for CVE-2026-4946. The potential impact of an exploit of this vulnerability is considered to be very high.
Weakness Type
What is a Shell injection Vulnerability?
The software constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.
CVE-2026-4946 has been classified to as a Shell injection vulnerability or weakness.
Products Associated with CVE-2026-4946
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Affected Versions
NSA Ghidra:- Before 12.0.3 is affected.
Exploit Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) scores estimate the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. The percentile shows you how this score compares to all other vulnerabilities.