Authx Bypass in WSO2 Identity Server mTLS Auth Flow
CVE-2025-9312 Published on November 18, 2025
Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products
A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due to improper validation of client certificatebased authentication in certain default configurations, the affected components may permit unauthenticated requests even when mTLS is enabled. This condition occurs when relying on the default mTLS settings for System REST APIs or when the mTLS authenticator is enabled for SOAP services, causing these interfaces to accept requests without enforcing additional authentication.
Successful exploitation allows a malicious actor with network access to the affected endpoints to gain administrative privileges and perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability is exploitable only when the impacted mTLS flows are enabled and accessible in a given deployment. Other certificate-based authentication mechanisms such as Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication and X.509 login flows are not affected, and APIs served through the API Gateway of WSO2 API Manager remain unaffected.
Vulnerability Analysis
CVE-2025-9312 is exploitable with network access, and does not require authorization privileges or user interaction. This vulnerability is considered to have a low attack complexity. The potential impact of an exploit of this vulnerability is considered to be critical as this vulnerability has a high impact to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of this component.
Weakness Type
Missing Authentication for Critical Function
The software does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
Products Associated with CVE-2025-9312
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Affected Versions
WSO2 API Manager:- Before 2.2.0 is unknown.
- Version 2.2.0 and below 2.2.0.58 is affected.
- Version 2.5.0 and below 2.5.0.84 is affected.
- Version 2.6.0 and below 2.6.0.145 is affected.
- Version 3.0.0 and below 3.0.0.175 is affected.
- Version 3.1.0 and below 3.1.0.339 is affected.
- Version 3.2.0 and below 3.2.0.439 is affected.
- Version 3.2.1 and below 3.2.1.59 is affected.
- Version 4.0.0 and below 4.0.0.359 is affected.
- Version 4.1.0 and below 4.1.0.222 is affected.
- Version 4.2.0 and below 4.2.0.161 is affected.
- Version 4.3.0 and below 4.3.0.73 is affected.
- Version 4.4.0 and below 4.4.0.37 is affected.
- Version 4.5.0 and below 4.5.0.21 is affected.
- Version 4.5.0 and below 4.5.0.22 is affected.
- Version 4.5.0 and below 4.5.0.20 is affected.
- Version 4.5.0 and below 4.5.0.20 is affected.
- Before 5.3.0 is unknown.
- Version 5.3.0 and below 5.3.0.39 is affected.
- Version 5.5.0 and below 5.5.0.52 is affected.
- Version 5.6.0 and below 5.6.0.74 is affected.
- Version 5.7.0 and below 5.7.0.124 is affected.
- Version 5.9.0 and below 5.9.0.175 is affected.
- Version 5.10.0 and below 5.10.0.358 is affected.
- Before 5.2.0 is unknown.
- Version 5.2.0 and below 5.2.0.33 is affected.
- Version 5.3.0 and below 5.3.0.34 is affected.
- Version 5.4.0 and below 5.4.0.33 is affected.
- Version 5.4.1 and below 5.4.1.37 is affected.
- Version 5.5.0 and below 5.5.0.51 is affected.
- Version 5.6.0 and below 5.6.0.59 is affected.
- Version 5.7.0 and below 5.7.0.125 is affected.
- Version 5.8.0 and below 5.8.0.109 is affected.
- Version 5.9.0 and below 5.9.0.168 is affected.
- Version 5.10.0 and below 5.10.0.368 is affected.
- Version 5.11.0 and below 5.11.0.411 is affected.
- Version 6.0.0 and below 6.0.0.243 is affected.
- Version 6.1.0 and below 6.1.0.241 is affected.
- Version 7.0.0 and below 7.0.0.116 is affected.
- Version 7.1.0 and below 7.1.0.23 is affected.
- Before 1.4.0 is unknown.
- Version 1.4.0 and below 1.4.0.132 is affected.
- Version 1.5.0 and below 1.5.0.122 is affected.
- Before 1.4.0 is unknown.
- Version 1.4.0 and below 1.4.0.138 is affected.
- Version 1.5.0 and below 1.5.0.139 is affected.
- Version 2.0.0 and below 2.0.0.388 is affected.
- Version 2.0.0 and below 2.0.0.408 is affected.
- Version 1.1.1 and below 1.1.1.2 is affected.
- Version 1.1.16 and below 1.1.16.3 is affected.
- Version 1.1.18 and below 1.1.18.4 is affected.
- Version 1.1.20 and below 1.1.20.5 is affected.
- Version 1.1.26 and below 1.1.26.7 is affected.
- Version 1.3.6 and below 1.3.6.8 is affected.
- Version 1.4.0 and below 1.4.0.18 is affected.
- Version 1.4.25 and below 1.4.25.24 is affected.
- Version 1.4.52 and below 1.4.52.4 is affected.
- Version 1.6.1 and below 1.6.1.11 is affected.
- Version 1.7.1 and below 1.7.1.4 is affected.
- Version 1.8.11 and below 1.8.11.6 is affected.
- Version 1.8.41 and below 1.8.41.2 is affected.
- Version 1.9.4 and below 1.9.4.4 is affected.
- Version 1.9.18 and below 1.9.18.2 is affected.
- Version 5.5.2, <= 5.5.2.* is unaffected.
Exploit Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) scores estimate the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. The percentile shows you how this score compares to all other vulnerabilities.