n8n RCE via expression eval system (0.211.0+ <1.120.4)
CVE-2025-68613 Published on December 19, 2025
n8n Vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Expression Injection
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Versions starting with 0.211.0 and prior to 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0 contain a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in their workflow expression evaluation system. Under certain conditions, expressions supplied by authenticated users during workflow configuration may be evaluated in an execution context that is not sufficiently isolated from the underlying runtime. An authenticated attacker could abuse this behavior to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the n8n process. Successful exploitation may lead to full compromise of the affected instance, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of workflows, and execution of system-level operations. This issue has been fixed in versions 1.120.4, 1.121.1, and 1.122.0. Users are strongly advised to upgrade to a patched version, which introduces additional safeguards to restrict expression evaluation. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only; and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully eliminate the risk and should only be used as short-term measures.
Known Exploited Vulnerability
This n8n Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources Vulnerability is part of CISA's list of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities. n8n contains an improper control of dynamically managed code resources vulnerability in its workflow expression evaluation system that allows for remote code execution.
The following remediation steps are recommended / required by March 25, 2026: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Vulnerability Analysis
CVE-2025-68613 can be exploited with network access, and requires small amount of user privileges. This vulnerability is considered to have a low attack complexity. This vulnerability is known to be actively exploited by threat actors. The potential impact of an exploit of this vulnerability is considered to be critical as this vulnerability has a high impact to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of this component.
Weakness Type
Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources
The software does not properly restrict reading from or writing to dynamically-managed code resources such as variables, objects, classes, attributes, functions, or executable instructions or statements. Many languages offer powerful features that allow the programmer to dynamically create or modify existing code, or resources used by code such as variables and objects. While these features can offer significant flexibility and reduce development time, they can be extremely dangerous if attackers can directly influence these code resources in unexpected ways.
Products Associated with CVE-2025-68613
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Affected Versions
n8n-io n8n:- Version >= 0.211.0, < 1.120.4 is affected.
- Version = 1.121.0 is affected.
Vulnerable Packages
The following package name and versions may be associated with CVE-2025-68613
| Package Manager | Vulnerable Package | Versions | Fixed In |
|---|---|---|---|
| npm | n8n | >= 0.211.0, < 1.120.4 | 1.120.4 |
| npm | n8n | >= 1.121.0, < 1.121.1 | 1.121.1 |
| npm | n8n | < 1.123.22 | 1.123.22 |
| npm | n8n | >= 2.0.0, < 2.9.3 | 2.9.3 |
| npm | n8n | >= 2.10.0, < 2.10.1 | 2.10.1 |
Exploit Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) scores estimate the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. The percentile shows you how this score compares to all other vulnerabilities.