Sep 2025:
CVE-2025-59033 Published on September 8, 2025
The Microsoft vulnerable driver block list is implemented as Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) policy. Entries that specify only the to-be-signed (TBS) part of the code signer certificate are properly blocked, but entries that specify the signing certificate's TBS hash along with a 'FileAttribRef' qualifier (such as file name or version) may not be blocked, whether hypervisor-protected code integrity (HVCI) is enabled or not. NOTE: The vendor disputes this CVE ID assignment and states that the driver blocklist is intended for use with HVCI.
Vulnerability Analysis
CVE-2025-59033 can be exploited with local system access, and requires user privileges. This vulnerability is considered to have a low attack complexity. Public availability of a proof of concept (POC) exploit exists for CVE-2025-59033. The potential impact of an exploit of this vulnerability is considered to be very high.
Weakness Types
Unprotected Alternate Channel
The software protects a primary channel, but it does not use the same level of protection for an alternate channel.
Protection Mechanism Failure
The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product. This weakness covers three distinct situations. A "missing" protection mechanism occurs when the application does not define any mechanism against a certain class of attack. An "insufficient" protection mechanism might provide some defenses - for example, against the most common attacks - but it does not protect against everything that is intended. Finally, an "ignored" mechanism occurs when a mechanism is available and in active use within the product, but the developer has not applied it in some code path.
Products Associated with CVE-2025-59033
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Affected Versions
Microsoft Windows:- Version 10, <= Server 2025 is affected.
Exploit Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) scores estimate the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. The percentile shows you how this score compares to all other vulnerabilities.