OS Command Injection Juniper Junos OS CLI before 23.4R1-S2
CVE-2025-52988 Published on July 11, 2025
Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: Privilege escalation to root via CLI command 'request system logout'
An Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') vulnerability in the CLI of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a high privileged, local attacker to escalated their privileges to root.
When a user provides specifically crafted arguments to the 'request system logout' command, these will be executed as root on the shell, which can completely compromise the device.
This issue affects:
Junos OS:
* all versions before 21.2R3-S9,
* 21.4 versions before 21.4R3-S8,
* 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S6,
* 22.3 versions before 22.3R3-S3,
* 22.4 versions before 22.4R3-S6,
* 23.2 versions before 23.2R2-S1,
* 23.4 versions before 23.4R1-S2, 23.4R2;
Junos OS Evolved:
* all versions before 22.4R3-S6-EVO,
* 23.2-EVO versions before 23.2R2-S1-EVO,
* 23.4-EVO versions before 23.4R1-S2-EVO, 23.4R2-EVO.
Vulnerability Analysis
CVE-2025-52988 is exploitable with local system access, and requires user privileges. This vulnerability is considered to have a low attack complexity. The potential impact of an exploit of this vulnerability is considered to be very high.
Weakness Type
What is a Shell injection Vulnerability?
The software constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.
CVE-2025-52988 has been classified to as a Shell injection vulnerability or weakness.
Products Associated with CVE-2025-52988
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Affected Versions
Juniper Networks Junos OS:- Before 21.2R3-S9 is affected.
- Version 21.4 and below 21.4R3-S8 is affected.
- Version 22.2 and below 22.2R3-S6 is affected.
- Version 22.3 and below 22.3R3-S3 is affected.
- Version 22.4 and below 22.4R3-S6 is affected.
- Version 23.2 and below 23.2R2-S1 is affected.
- Version 23.4 and below 23.4R1-S2, 23.4R2 is affected.
- Before 22.4R3-S6-EVO is affected.
- Version 23.2-EVO and below 23.2R2-S1-EVO is affected.
- Version 23.4-EVO and below 23.4R1-S2-EVO, 23.4R2-EVO is affected.
Exploit Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) scores estimate the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. The percentile shows you how this score compares to all other vulnerabilities.