Jul 2025: Microsoft Virtual Hard Disk Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
CVE-2025-49689 Published on July 8, 2025
Microsoft Virtual Hard Disk Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Integer overflow or wraparound in Virtual Hard Disk (VHDX) allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Weakness Types
Integer Overflow or Wraparound
The software performs a calculation that can produce an integer overflow or wraparound, when the logic assumes that the resulting value will always be larger than the original value. This can introduce other weaknesses when the calculation is used for resource management or execution control. An integer overflow or wraparound occurs when an integer value is incremented to a value that is too large to store in the associated representation. When this occurs, the value may wrap to become a very small or negative number. While this may be intended behavior in circumstances that rely on wrapping, it can have security consequences if the wrap is unexpected. This is especially the case if the integer overflow can be triggered using user-supplied inputs. This becomes security-critical when the result is used to control looping, make a security decision, or determine the offset or size in behaviors such as memory allocation, copying, concatenation, etc.
Out-of-bounds Read
The software reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer. Typically, this can allow attackers to read sensitive information from other memory locations or cause a crash. A crash can occur when the code reads a variable amount of data and assumes that a sentinel exists to stop the read operation, such as a NUL in a string. The expected sentinel might not be located in the out-of-bounds memory, causing excessive data to be read, leading to a segmentation fault or a buffer overflow. The software may modify an index or perform pointer arithmetic that references a memory location that is outside of the boundaries of the buffer. A subsequent read operation then produces undefined or unexpected results.
Untrusted Pointer Dereference
The program obtains a value from an untrusted source, converts this value to a pointer, and dereferences the resulting pointer.
Products Associated with CVE-2025-49689
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Affected Versions
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1507:- Version 10.0.10240.0 and below 10.0.10240.21073 is affected.
- Version 10.0.14393.0 and below 10.0.14393.8246 is affected.
- Version 10.0.17763.0 and below 10.0.17763.7558 is affected.
- Version 10.0.19044.0 and below 10.0.19044.6093 is affected.
- Version 10.0.19045.0 and below 10.0.19045.6093 is affected.
- Version 10.0.22621.0 and below 10.0.22621.5624 is affected.
- Version 10.0.22631.0 and below 10.0.22631.5624 is affected.
- Version 10.0.22631.0 and below 10.0.22631.5624 is affected.
- Version 10.0.26100.0 and below 10.0.26100.4652 is affected.
- Version 6.1.7601.0 and below 6.1.7601.27820 is affected.
- Version 6.1.7601.0 and below 6.1.7601.27820 is affected.
- Version 6.0.6003.0 and below 6.0.6003.23418 is affected.
- Version 6.0.6003.0 and below 6.0.6003.23418 is affected.
- Version 6.2.9200.0 and below 6.2.9200.25573 is affected.
- Version 6.2.9200.0 and below 6.2.9200.25573 is affected.
- Version 6.3.9600.0 and below 6.3.9600.22676 is affected.
- Version 6.3.9600.0 and below 6.3.9600.22676 is affected.
- Version 10.0.14393.0 and below 10.0.14393.8246 is affected.
- Version 10.0.14393.0 and below 10.0.14393.8246 is affected.
- Version 10.0.17763.0 and below 10.0.17763.7558 is affected.
- Version 10.0.17763.0 and below 10.0.17763.7558 is affected.
- Version 10.0.20348.0 and below 10.0.20348.3932 is affected.
- Version 10.0.25398.0 and below 10.0.25398.1732 is affected.
- Version 10.0.26100.0 and below 10.0.26100.4652 is affected.
- Version 10.0.26100.0 and below 10.0.26100.4652 is affected.
Exploit Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) scores estimate the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. The percentile shows you how this score compares to all other vulnerabilities.