Ruby JSON <2.10.2 OOB Read, Crash
CVE-2025-27788 Published on March 12, 2025
Ruby JSON Parser has Out-of-bounds Read
JSON is a JSON implementation for Ruby. Starting in version 2.10.0 and prior to version 2.10.2, a specially crafted document could cause an out of bound read, most likely resulting in a crash. Versions prior to 2.10.0 are not vulnerable. Version 2.10.2 fixes the problem. No known workarounds are available.
Vulnerability Analysis
CVE-2025-27788 is exploitable with network access, and does not require authorization privileges or user interaction. This vulnerability is considered to have a low attack complexity. The potential impact of an exploit of this vulnerability is considered to have no impact on confidentiality and integrity, and a high impact on availability.
Weakness Type
Out-of-bounds Read
The software reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer. Typically, this can allow attackers to read sensitive information from other memory locations or cause a crash. A crash can occur when the code reads a variable amount of data and assumes that a sentinel exists to stop the read operation, such as a NUL in a string. The expected sentinel might not be located in the out-of-bounds memory, causing excessive data to be read, leading to a segmentation fault or a buffer overflow. The software may modify an index or perform pointer arithmetic that references a memory location that is outside of the boundaries of the buffer. A subsequent read operation then produces undefined or unexpected results.
Products Associated with CVE-2025-27788
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Affected Versions
ruby json Version >= 2.10.0, < 2.10.2 is affected by CVE-2025-27788Vulnerable Packages
The following package name and versions may be associated with CVE-2025-27788
| Package Manager | Vulnerable Package | Versions | Fixed In |
|---|---|---|---|
| rubygems | json | >= 2.10.0, <= 2.10.1 | 2.10.2 |
Exploit Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) scores estimate the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. The percentile shows you how this score compares to all other vulnerabilities.