Cisco IOS XE NACM Authenticated Read Bypass (NETCONF/RESTCONF/gRPC)
CVE-2025-20214 Published on May 7, 2025

A vulnerability in the Network Configuration Access Control Module (NACM) of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to obtain unauthorized read access to configuration or operational data. This vulnerability exists because a subtle change in inner API call behavior causes results to be filtered incorrectly. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using either NETCONF, RESTCONF, or gRPC Network Management Interface (gNMI) protocols and query data on paths that may have been denied by the NACM configuration. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access data that should have been restricted according to the NACM configuration. Note: This vulnerability requires that the attacker obtain the credentials from a valid user with privileges lower than 15, and that NACM was configured to provide restricted read access for that user.

NVD

Vulnerability Analysis

CVE-2025-20214 is exploitable with network access, and requires small amount of user privileges. This vulnerability is considered to have a low attack complexity. The potential impact of an exploit of this vulnerability is considered to have a small impact on confidentiality, a small impact on integrity and availability.

Attack Vector:
NETWORK
Attack Complexity:
LOW
Privileges Required:
LOW
User Interaction:
NONE
Scope:
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact:
LOW
Integrity Impact:
NONE
Availability Impact:
NONE

Weakness Type

What is an Insecure Direct Object Reference / IDOR Vulnerability?

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

CVE-2025-20214 has been classified to as an Insecure Direct Object Reference / IDOR vulnerability or weakness.


Products Associated with CVE-2025-20214

Want to know whenever a new CVE is published for Cisco IOS XE? stack.watch will email you.

Cisco IOS XE
 

Affected Versions

Cisco IOS XE Software:

Exploit Probability

EPSS
0.22%
Percentile
44.33%

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) scores estimate the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. The percentile shows you how this score compares to all other vulnerabilities.