curl: OAuth2 Bearer Token Leak via Cross-Protocol Redirect
CVE-2025-14524 Published on January 8, 2026

bearer token leak on cross-protocol redirect
When an OAuth2 bearer token is used for an HTTP(S) transfer, and that transfer performs a cross-protocol redirect to a second URL that uses an IMAP, LDAP, POP3 or SMTP scheme, curl might wrongly pass on the bearer token to the new target host.

NVD

Vulnerability Analysis

CVE-2025-14524 is exploitable with network access, requires user interaction. This vulnerability is consided to have a high level of attack complexity. The potential impact of an exploit of this vulnerability is considered to have a high impact on confidentiality, with no impact on integrity and availability.

Attack Vector:
NETWORK
Attack Complexity:
HIGH
Privileges Required:
NONE
User Interaction:
REQUIRED
Scope:
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact:
HIGH
Integrity Impact:
NONE
Availability Impact:
NONE

Weakness Type

Insufficiently Protected Credentials

The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.


Products Associated with CVE-2025-14524

You can be notified by email with stack.watch whenever vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-14524 are published in these products:

Haxx Curl
 
Canonical Ubuntu Linux
 
Apple iOS
 
Apple iPadOS
 
Apple macOS
 
Apple Macos Sonoma
 
Apple tvOS
 
Apple watchOS
 
Apple visionOS
 
Oracle
 

Affected Versions

curl: curl: curl:

Exploit Probability

EPSS
0.67%
Percentile
49.77%

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) scores estimate the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. The percentile shows you how this score compares to all other vulnerabilities.