WSO2 Multi-Attr Login username enumeration via distinct error
CVE-2025-1396 Published on September 26, 2025
Username Enumeration in Multiple WSO2 Products with Multi-Attribute Login Enabled
A username enumeration vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products when Multi-Attribute Login is enabled. In this configuration, the system returns a distinct "User does not exist" error message to the login form, regardless of the validate_username setting. This behavior allows malicious actors to determine which usernames exist in the system based on observable discrepancies in the application's responses.
Exploitation of this vulnerability could aid in brute-force attacks, targeted phishing campaigns, or other social engineering techniques by confirming the validity of user identifiers within the system.
Vulnerability Analysis
CVE-2025-1396 is exploitable with network access, and does not require authorization privileges or user interaction. This vulnerability is consided to have a high level of attack complexity. The potential impact of an exploit of this vulnerability is considered to have a small impact on confidentiality, a small impact on integrity and availability.
Weakness Type
What is a Side Channel Attack Vulnerability?
The product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor, which exposes security-relevant information about the state of the product, such as whether a particular operation was successful or not. Discrepancies can take many forms, and variations may be detectable in timing, control flow, communications such as replies or requests, or general behavior. These discrepancies can reveal information about the product's operation or internal state to an unauthorized actor. In some cases, discrepancies can be used by attackers to form a side channel.
CVE-2025-1396 has been classified to as a Side Channel Attack vulnerability or weakness.
Products Associated with CVE-2025-1396
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Affected Versions
WSO2 Identity Server:- Before 5.10.0 is unknown.
- Version 5.10.0 and below 5.10.0.346 is affected.
- Version 5.11.0 and below 5.11.0.395 is affected.
- Version 6.0.0 and below 6.0.0.231 is affected.
- Version 6.1.0 and below 6.1.0.223 is affected.
- Version 2.0.0 and below 2.0.0.390 is affected.
- Version 5.10.0 and below 5.10.0.339 is affected.
Exploit Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) scores estimate the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. The percentile shows you how this score compares to all other vulnerabilities.